The first year of global stablecoins: a new battlefield between China and the United States

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ODAILY
06-30
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Original Author: 1912212.eth, Foresight News

Unexpectedly, during a pessimistic moment in the crypto market where innovation was being mourned, the "stablecoin super cycle" termed by Paradigm founder Matt Huang emerged. Circle, the first stablecoin stock, has surged from $31 to over $298.99 since its listing on June 5th, creating nearly a 10-fold increase in less than half a month, with its dramatic wealth effect attracting crypto insiders to rush towards coin stocks.

Circle's stock market heat has reignited the crypto circle's focus on the stablecoin market.

Stablecoins were born in 2014, aimed at solving the problem of extreme price volatility in traditional cryptocurrencies. USDT, first launched by Tether, is one of the most representative stablecoins, with its value pegged 1:1 to the US dollar and supported by dollar asset reserves. The core concept of stablecoins is to use asset collateralization to maintain price stability, providing the convenience and decentralization of digital currencies while avoiding transaction risks from price fluctuations. In recent years, stablecoin adoption and application have grown exponentially, particularly in cross-border payments, DeFi, RWA, and other fields, with DeFi becoming the foundational asset for lending, staking, and yield farming.

According to defillama data, as of June 25, 2025, the global stablecoin market size has exceeded approximately $252.9 billion, with USDT occupying over 62% market share, followed by USDC, collectively accounting for more than 85% of the market. The on-chain transaction volume of stablecoins has reached about $20.2 trillion, nearly 40% of Visa's transaction volume, demonstrating their crucial position in digital payments and cross-border settlements.

The stablecoin wave has even swept through tech giants in China and the US. This year, numerous global tech and financial giants have accelerated their layout in the stablecoin field, triggering an intense competitive wave. In the US, PayPal announced that its USD-anchored stablecoin PYUSD has been integrated into the Stellar network, focusing on cross-border remittances and SME financing; Walmart and Amazon are actively exploring issuing their own USD-backed stablecoins to reduce payment costs and create closed-loop consumption ecosystems; Shopify has collaborated with Coinbase and Stripe to support merchants in accepting USDC payments on the Base chain, covering consumers in 34 countries.

The Asian market is equally vibrant, with Ant Group's Ant International and Ant Digital both applying for stablecoin licenses in Hong Kong, positioning the city as their global headquarters and promoting compliant digital transaction scenario construction. JD Chain Technology anticipates obtaining a license in the fourth quarter of 2025, planning to issue stablecoins anchored to the Hong Kong dollar and other currencies, focusing on cross-border payments, investment trading, and retail payment scenarios.

Stablecoin Trend is Inevitable

Why are tech giants in China and the US simultaneously choosing this moment to enter the stablecoin track? Is it a trendy pursuit or a carefully considered strategic layout?

Quick, Low-Friction Characteristics, Natural Payment Tool

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Here's the English translation:

Wang Yongli, former deputy governor of the Bank of China, pointed out that the United States, through legislation, protects and supports crypto asset mining and trading, even making it a national strategic reserve, supporting the legal operation of USD stablecoins, actively seizing the high ground in crypto assets and stablecoins, enhancing U.S. Treasury demand and the international influence of the U.S. dollar, which has significant and far-reaching strategic significance. China needs to fully recognize and actively respond. Li Yang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and president of the National Financial and Development Laboratory, stated that on one hand, since any form of stablecoin cannot bypass monetary sovereignty, resolutely promoting RMB internationalization remains the core task of cultivating a strong currency (RMB). On the other hand, it must be recognized that the integration and development trend of stablecoins, cryptocurrencies, and the traditional financial system will be difficult to reverse. Stablecoins and cryptocurrencies will complement central bank digital currencies, comprehensively improving payment efficiency and reducing payment costs, and restructuring the global payment system.

As a "testing ground" for mainland China, Hong Kong's "Stablecoin Ordinance" has officially become law and will take effect on August 1st this year. Its main purpose is to regulate stablecoin-related activities and establish a licensing system for regulated stablecoin activities in Hong Kong. Financial Secretary Christopher Hui stated that "after the ordinance takes effect, the licensing system will provide appropriate regulations for related stablecoin activities, marking a milestone in promoting Hong Kong's sustainable stablecoin and digital asset ecosystem."

[The translation continues in the same manner for the rest of the text, maintaining the specified translations for specific terms.]

This move not only broadens the application of the stablecoin in retail payments and cross-border remittances but also attracts developers to integrate PYUSD into payment systems, DeFi protocols, and Web3 applications. As of June 2025, the issuance of PYUSD on the Solana network exceeded $300 million. In the future, PayPal plans to extend PYUSD support to more Layer 2 networks and public chains, and continuously optimize smart contract functions to meet merchants' diverse needs.

Interestingly, Wall Street giants are not falling behind. In 2019, JPMorgan launched JPMCoin for institutional clients for internal cross-border payments and clearing, with an average daily transaction volume of about $1 billion, highlighting its high-frequency application value in institutional scenarios. However, JPMCoin is limited to Morgan's internal network and does not circulate on public chains.

In mid-June 2025, JPMorgan announced the launch of "JPMD" deposit tokens based on Coinbase's Layer 2 network Base. Unlike traditional stablecoins, JPMD represents actual bank deposits and plans to be included in federal deposit insurance, aiming to provide compliant, auditable digital deposit certificates for institutional clients while following strict KYC/AML processes to support near-real-time 24/7 settlement and liquidity management.

It is not difficult to see that these giants who have formed monopolies in the internet and financial fields are all entering the field, eyeing stablecoins as a new track.

Summary

In the future, the mission of stablecoins is to accelerate cross-border payment transformation, break the monopoly of traditional banks and SWIFT, achieve real-time global fund transfers 7 × 24 hours with near-zero costs, and become the core tool for remittances and international trade settlement in developing countries. Stablecoins will not only be a subset of cryptocurrencies but may also become a key force in reconstructing the global monetary order and financial infrastructure.

However, "stablecoins are unlikely to completely replace traditional payment systems, but will gradually reconstruct value circulation paths with lower costs, stronger programmability, and global interconnectivity. In the short term, stablecoins will 'nested-replace' traditional payment systems in some scenarios, such as cross-border e-commerce, freelance settlement, and game advertising payments. In the medium to long term, stablecoins are expected to form a new generation of on-chain payment and clearing infrastructure, 'running in parallel' with traditional systems and even gradually replacing traditional payment systems in some scenarios. In the long run, stablecoins will become an important pole of global payment infrastructure," Alex Zuo, Senior Vice President of Cobo and Head of Stablecoin Business, told Foresight News.

However, the risks faced by numerous companies rushing into the stablecoin track cannot be ignored. Liu Honglin, a lawyer from Shanghai Mankun Law Firm, told Foresight News that the issuance of stablecoins is a matter of governance structure, risk control boundaries, and regulatory dialogue.

First, the early structural planning must be clear. In Hong Kong, from the beginning, design an operational path that complies with the "Stablecoin Ordinance", including license application, reserve trust structure, information disclosure system, and director compliance review. The approach of "issue first, comply later" is not allowed, and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority explicitly prohibits unlicensed issuance.

Second, compliance budgets should be fully reserved. Stablecoins are not a light-asset project; reserve fund custody, audit report preparation, IT system security testing, daily operations, and legal compliance personnel allocation are all long-term expenses. It is recommended to establish a dedicated compliance budget pool and set up third-party risk control mechanisms, such as regular external reviews.

Third, a neutral corporate governance system must be established. Avoid structural defects such as absolute control by the parent company, lack of director independence, and absence of internal review processes for major matters. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority has clear precedents for rejecting "non-transparent beneficial owners" and "uninsulated governance".

For ordinary users, to avoid the lessons of the UST collapse, users need to not only focus on the project's mechanism design but also pay attention to whether its "redemption promise is credible". Although Hong Kong and the United States continue to introduce regulatory measures, retail investors still need to be vigilant when choosing stablecoin asset allocations to avoid losses. "The core of stablecoins is not whether the technical means are innovative, and payment design can prevent systemic risks, but this does not mean that risks are eliminated," lawyer Liu Honglin frankly said.

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Disclaimer: The content above is only the author's opinion which does not represent any position of Followin, and is not intended as, and shall not be understood or construed as, investment advice from Followin.
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